ANALISIS LITERATUR: HUBUNGAN ANTARA MANAJEMEN RISIKO DAN KEBERHASILAN PROYEK TI

LITERATURE REVIEW: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK MANAGEMENT AND IT PROJECT SUCCESS

Abstract

Keberhasilan proyek Teknologi Informasi (TI) menjadi aspek krusial bagi organisasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja dan daya saing. Namun, berbagai studi menunjukkan bahwa proyek TI sering menghadapi tingkat kegagalan tinggi akibat risiko teknis, manajerial, maupun organisasi yang tidak tertangani secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Manajemen Risiko (MR) dan keberhasilan proyek TI melalui pendekatan Narrative Literature Review. Metode ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi, menyeleksi, dan mengkaji delapan jurnal utama yang terbit dalam rentang 2015–2025, dengan fokus pada proses MR, kategori risiko dominan, serta perkembangan definisi keberhasilan proyek TI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa MR memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan peluang keberhasilan proyek melalui identifikasi risiko dini, perencanaan mitigasi, serta pengendalian terhadap aspek biaya, jadwal, dan kualitas. Temuan juga mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran definisi keberhasilan dari sekadar triple constraint menuju indikator strategis seperti keselarasan TI–bisnis, kepuasan pemangku kepentingan, nilai manfaat, dan efisiensi operasional. Selain itu, beberapa tantangan implementasi MR juga diidentifikasi, termasuk kurangnya literasi risiko, ketidakjelasan ruang lingkup, serta ketidaksesuaian model MR pada pendekatan Agile dan hybrid. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa MR merupakan komponen kunci dalam menjamin keberhasilan proyek TI, sekaligus membuka peluang penelitian lebih lanjut terkait integrasi model risiko dan kesuksesan proyek modern.

The success of Information Technology (IT) projects is critical for organizations seeking to enhance performance, efficiency, and competitive advantage. However, existing studies consistently show that IT projects face high failure rates due to technical, managerial, and organizational risks that are not managed effectively. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Risk Management (RM) and IT project success through a Narrative Literature Review approach. The review was conducted by identifying, selecting, and analyzing eight primary studies published between 2015 and 2025, focusing on RM processes, dominant risk categories, and the evolving definitions of project success. The results indicate that RM significantly enhances project success by enabling early risk identification, structured mitigation planning, and improved control over cost, schedule, and quality dimensions. Findings also highlight a shift in the definition of project success from the traditional triple constraint toward broader strategic indicators such as business–IT alignment, stakeholder satisfaction, value realization, and operational efficiency. Several challenges in RM implementation were also identified, including limited risk literacy, unclear project scopes, and inconsistencies between RM models and Agile or hybrid development approaches. Overall, this study reinforces that RM is a critical component in ensuring IT project success and identifies research gaps related to integrating modern risk frameworks with contemporary project success models.