TATA KELOLA TI BERBASIS AI SEBAGAI MEDIATOR ANTARA TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL DAN KINERJA BISNIS: STUDI KASUS UMKM DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
AI-BASED IT GOVERNANCE AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52972/hoaq.vol17no2.p212-230Keywords:
transformasi digital, kinerja bisnis, AI-Enabled IT Governance (AITG), UMKM, digital transformationAbstract
Transformasi digital dapat meningkatkan daya saing UMKM, tetapi keterbatasan infrastruktur, literasi digital, sumber daya, dan tata kelola TI sering menghambat penciptaan nilai bisnis. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh transformasi digital terhadap kinerja bisnis, peran mediasi AI-Enabled IT Governance (AITG), serta kondisi kontekstual yang memengaruhi mekanisme tersebut pada UMKM di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian menggunakan desain mixed-methods sequential explanatory dengan urutan QUAN ? QUAL. Tahap kuantitatif melibatkan survei terhadap 15 UMKM dan analisis SEM-PLS untuk menguji pengaruh langsung, mediasi, dan moderasi. Hasilnya digunakan untuk memilih 10 UMKM dalam studi multi-kasus, wawancara, dan FGD. Data kualitatif dianalisis secara tematik dan diintegrasikan melalui triangulasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa transformasi digital berpengaruh positif terhadap AITG dan kinerja bisnis. AITG juga berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja finansial, operasional, dan inovasi serta memediasi secara parsial hubungan transformasi digital–kinerja bisnis. Literasi digital, kesiapan infrastruktur, dan dukungan pemerintah memperkuat pembentukan AITG. Temuan kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme tersebut berlangsung melalui peningkatan visibilitas keputusan berbasis AI, formalisasi tata kelola secara bertahap, verifikasi keluaran AI, kompetensi digital, dan dukungan ekosistem. Penelitian ini menempatkan AITG sebagai kapabilitas organisasional yang menghubungkan investasi digital dengan penciptaan nilai bisnis pada UMKM di lingkungan dengan keterbatasan sumber daya.
Digital transformation can enhance MSME competitiveness, but limitations in infrastructure, digital literacy, resources, and IT governance may constrain business value creation. This study examines the effect of digital transformation on business performance, the mediating role of AI-Enabled IT Governance (AITG), and the contextual conditions influencing this mechanism among MSMEs in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The study employs a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design using a QUAN ? QUAL sequence. The quantitative phase surveyed 15 MSMEs and applied PLS-SEM to test direct, mediating, and moderating effects. The results were then used to select 10 MSMEs for a multi-case study, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and integrated through triangulation. The results show that digital transformation positively affects AITG and business performance. AITG also improves financial, operational, and innovation performance and partially mediates the relationship between digital transformation and business performance. Digital literacy, infrastructure readiness, and government support strengthen AITG formation. Qualitative findings indicate that this mechanism operates through AI-supported decision visibility, gradual governance formalization, verification of AI outputs, digital competence, and ecosystem support. This study positions AITG as an organizational capability linking digital investment to business value creation among MSMEs operating in resource-constrained environments.
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